Recent publications on Residual Risk

Maintaining fitness over the long-term protects against the development of atherogenic dyslipidaemia, according to this report. This study evaluated data from subjects who completed at least three comprehensive medical examinations, including at least one maximal treadmill test, between 1976 and 2006 at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas. Over an average follow-up of 8.85 years, 193 subjects developed atherogenic dyslipidaemia, defined as low plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL, triglycerides ?200 mg/dL, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ?160 mg/dL. Individuals who maintained a high level of fitness over this period were 44% less likely to develop atherogenic dyslipidaemia compared with those with reduced fitness, even after adjustment for baseline confounders and changes in other established cardiovascular risk factors (odds ratio 0.56; 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.91). These findings provide another reason why maintaining fitness over time improves cardiovascular health.