Recent publications on Residual Risk

The results from this study based on data from two large European cohorts (HUNT3, Lifelines, 144,082 individuals aged at least 20 years) suggests that this may be the case. The authors modelled road traffic noise exposure for 2009 using a simplified version of the Common Noise Assessment Methods in Europe. Annual ambient air pollution (particulate matter 10 (PM10), nitrogen dioxide) was estimated for 2007 using a Land Use Regression model. Based on pooled data, higher day-time noise (by interquartile range 5.1 dB) was associated with higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); the association with HDL-cholesterol was robust after adjustment for air pollution. Additionally, higher particulate matter (2.0 µg/m3) or nitrogen dioxide concentration (7.4 µg/m3) was associated with higher triglycerides (by 1.9%, 95% confidence interval 1.5-2.4% and 2.2%, 95% confidence interval 1.6-2.7%, respectively), independent of adjustment for noise. In conclusion, these findings suggest that long-term exposure to road traffic noise and ambient air pollution was associated with detrimental changes in blood biochemistry, including higher triglycerides, suggesting a link with cardiometabolic disease risk.